Project Number:
06-04
Research Project:
Reducing Diesel NOx and PM Emissions of Diesel Buses and Trucks
P.I. Name & Address:
Hamid Rahi
California State University, Long Beach
Center for Energy and Environmental Research and Services (CEERS)
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department
1250 Bellflower Boulevard
Long Beach, CA 90840
Tel: (562) 985-5132
Fax: (562) 985-4408
Email: rahai@csulb.edu
Co-P.I.:
Bei Lu
California State University, Long Beach
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Long Beach, CA 90840
Tel: (562) 985-5194
Fax: (562) 985-4408
Email: blu3@csulb.edu
Project Objective:
With support from the National Center for Metropolitan Transportation Research (METRANS) in academic year 2002-2003, we have completed the exploratory research for the development of a new add-on technology for reducing particulates and
emissions in a diesel engine. The objectives of the proposed investigation are to develop a prototype and field test it on a diesel bus, and to assess its overall performance in reducing pollution generated by the diesel buses and trucks. This new device can also be used as an add-on unit on other diesel engines, such as diesel locomotives, to further reduce air pollution in the Los Angles basin. By installing the new device on trucks that are using low sulfur fuel, the device has the potential to significantly reduce diesel NOx and PM emissions.
The new device has a tubular turbulator with injecting holes (injecting an agent into the exhaust), and several layers of tubular screens with different solidity. The turbulator is a mixing device that is used to inject a hydrocarbon into the exhaust gases for converting
into mostly nitrogen dioxide. Particulates in the exhaust gases then react with nitrogen dioxide gases to “burn off,” producing inorganic dusts (iron, zinc, calcium oxides, etc) which are collected at the base of the screen containers. This add-on device can be scaled for different engine sizes. The device is capable of reducing
emissions by more than 40%, based on the type of agent used, engine operating condition and exhaust temperature.
The Long Beach Transit Company has agreed to work with us for field testing of our prototype unit (please see attached email from Mr. Rolando Cruz, Manager of Maintenance at LB. Transit). Our unit will be installed on one of their diesel buses with on board monitoring systems for recording exhaust emissions and temperature. Our unit will have a control system to inject hydrocarbon into the exhaust during idling cycle (for example when bus stops for more than 5 minutes). Results of the field testing will be used to assess the effectiveness of the prototype unit in reducing diesel emissions under real operating conditions.
The proposed research has also an educational component. Our budget includes supports for two high school students as part of CEERS High School Summer Fellowship Program. If the proposal is funded, the student awards will be called CEERS-METRANS summer fellowship program. The students will be directly involved in assessment, experimentation and field testing of the new device. The program overview of the CEERS high school summer fellowship program is provided in the appendix.
Task Descriptions:
1.
Development of our new SCR system with proper injection control system
2.
Laboratory test of the system in the CSULB MAE/CEERS engine test cell with a mid-size diesel engine (recently acquired) and a DYNOmite dynamometer, using various hydrocarbons as the treatment agents. Troubleshoot and optimize the system
3
Field testing of the system on a diesel bus, equipped with engine and exhaust monitoring system over 1-2 months, to assess total NOx and PM reduction
4.
Develop a finalized system for commercialization. Submission of the final report
Milestones, Dates:
March 1, 2006 - February 28, 2007
Total Budget:
$72,303
Student Involvement:
One graduate student @ 50% effort, 12 months
One graduate student @ 50% effort, 3 months
Relationship to Other Research Projects:
Builds on 01-2, part of urban mobility
Technology Transfer Activities:
Project report posted on the website; field test; aimed at eventual commercialization
Potential Benefits of the Project:
Reduced diesel emissions
TRB Keywords:
Diesel emissions; transit vehicles
Primary Subject:
4b.13 Fuels - Vehicle fuels and energy sources, including production and delivery systems
Goals:
4c.4 Human and Natural environment
Enabling Research:
4c.9 Energy and Environment
Modal Orientation:
4c.16 Transit